Many non-profits do not take the time to hash out an estimated budget for their programs before embarking on the grant proposal process. However, establishing a budget is an essential step in the operation of every organization, regardless of whether or not they are seeking grant funding. Without conducting some research regarding costs and making financial calculations, a non-profit cannot accurately determine how much money they need in order to achieve their goals, and therefore do not know the amount of funding they should request from foundations.

Fortunately, The Foundation Center offers a free online Proposal Budgeting Basics course:

“This online course is designed to help with the basics of developing a project budget, and it is geared for those who have general knowledge of proposal development. (Beginners might want to take the Proposal Writing Short Course.) When you complete this course, you will know:

• The basic components of a project budget
• Different types of financial documents often required for proposals
• How overhead costs and fringe benefits may be incorporated within the budget
• How to access resources on the Web, which provide templates of project budgets”

You do not need an accountant to prepare your non-profit organization’s budget; however, if you have little knowledge about project budgeting, hiring an accountant can be useful the first time around. 

Here are a few additional resources that will aid in preparing your organization’s budget:

• Nonprofit Guides provides a sample budget, proposal cover letter, letter of inquiry, proposal, and other helpful examples.
• The Cleveland Foundation’s website offers a Grantee Toolkit including sample templates for a project budget request.
• Register on the CharityNet USA website and gain access to a variety of free non-profit tools and resources.

On a day to day basis I have dealings with a variety of nonprofit organizations, and have discovered one pressing issue that seems to be faced by all organizations, startup and established, big and small-conflicts of interest. Because conflicts of interest can be a serious threat to both an organization′s reputation and their exempt status, administrators must be diligent in avoiding and addressing potential conflicts. The key for nonprofit boards is not to try to avoid all possible conflict-of-interest situations, but to identify and follow a process for handling them effectively. How an organization manages conflicts of interest and assures open and honest deliberation affects all aspects of its operations and is critical to making good decisions, avoiding legal problems and public scandals, and remaining focused on the organization′s mission.

 The nonprofit sector depends on the spirit of volunteerism displayed by board members′personal and professional knowledge, experience, and community engagement. These board members can, however, face challenges in carrying out their board responsibilities because of the number and breadth of associations and connections they have. Therefore, nonprofit board members and executives must not only be able to recognize potential conflicts of interest, but they must determine when these conflicts present areas of concern and what to do about them.

 While most people say they understand conflict of interest, most people cannot articulate a clear and general statement. They may be able to give extreme examples but cannot identify potential conflict in more mundane circumstances. A useful way of looking at conflict of interest is to turn it around and say that directors should avoid any self-serving conduct. If it benefits the director then the action is suspect. Most theorists allow that if the action benefits everyone in the community then it is not self-serving.

 In order to help the board of directors understand and avoid conflicts of interest the board should develop or adopt a written expression of its intentions. Board members should remember that a written code serves as a guideline. It cannot replace careful consideration and an ethical approach. Each member of the Board should be required to acknowledge acceptance of the policy on an annual basis, and the policy should be reviewed at the initiation of all Board meetings. Finally, keep these things in mind to help you assure that your organization does not face potential conflict:

• Full Disclosure to the board – Since when most conflict situations arise only a couple of people in an organization know, full disclosure can establish good faith among boards.
• Distancing Oneself From Potential Conflicts – A Board member should excuse himself from portions of the meeting that may lead to any potential conflict, in addition to abstaining from voting on matters that may pose a conflict.
• Best Interests In the Forefront – Create an arrangement that decides with out ones′ involvement in certain discussions, that the best interests of the organization, not that board member, will be emphasized.
• Compensation – If a board member is compensated in any way by a nonprofit, make sure their pay is either fair market value or less, a common mistake among boards.